During pregnancy diet handbook
Around the middle of the second trimester, movement of the fetus may be felt. The first trimester is from week one through 12 and includes conception. Iodine levels are frequently too low in pregnant women, and iodine is necessary for normal thyroid function and mental development of the fetus, even cretinism. For example, nausea can be a discomfort ( morning sickness ), but if, in combination with significant vomiting, it causes water-electrolyte imbalance it is a complication ( hyperemesis gravidarum ). A woman who has never been pregnant is referred to as a nulligravida. Twins and other multiple births are counted as one pregnancy and birth. , gravida number and parity value are increased by one only. In the case of twins, triplets, etc. This article needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. V itamin D levels vary with exposure to sunlight. (May 2015). Polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are very beneficial for fetal development. Conception is when the sperm fertilizes the egg. Folic acid supplementation is recommended prior to conception, to prevent development of spina bifida and other neural tube defects. William Hunter, Anatomia uteri humani gravidi tabulis illustrata, 1774. Iron is needed for the healthy growth of the fetus and placenta, especially during the second and third trimesters.
An ever-increasing number of studies have shown that the nutrition of the mother will have an effect on the child, up to and including the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes throughout life. For this reason, the nutrition of the mother is important from before conception (probably several months before) as well as throughout pregnancy and breast feeding. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Please review the contents of the article and add the appropriate references if you can. Melasma pigment changes to the face due to pregnancy. At 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside of the uterus if provided high-quality medical care. The symptoms and discomforts of pregnancy are those presentations and conditions that result from pregnancy but do not significantly interfere with activities of daily living or pose a threat to the health of the mother or baby. Caused by compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and pelvic veins by the uterus leads to increased hydrostatic pressure in lower extremities. For pregnancy in other mammals, see Pregnancy (mammals). Sometimes a symptom that is considered a discomfort can be considered a complication when it is more severe. As with most diets, there are chances of over-supplementing, however, as general advice, both state and medical recommendations are that mothers follow instructions listed on particular vitamin packaging as to the correct or recommended daily allowance (RDA). Nutrition and pregnancy refers to the nutrient intake, and dietary planning that is undertaken before, during and after pregnancy. For pregnancy in fish, see Pregnancy in fish. After 41 weeks, it is known as post term. About 213 million pregnancies occurred in 2012, of which, 190 million were in the developing world and 23 million were in the developed world. Pregnant women are advised to pay attention to the foods they eat during pregnancy, such as soft cheese and certain fish, in order to reduce the risk of exposure to substances or bacteria that may be harmful to the developing fetus. While it was assumed that supplementation was necessary only in areas of high latitudes, recent studies of Vitamin D levels throughout the United States and many other countries have shown a large number of women with low levels. Occasional, irregular, and often painless contractions that occur several times per day. Recent medical literature prefers the terminology preterm and postterm to premature and postmature.
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